India is the world's largest, oldest, continuous civilization.
India never invaded any country in her last 10000 years of history.
India is the world's largest democracy.
Varanasi, also known as Benares, was called "the ancient city" when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C.E, and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today.
India invented the Number System. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.
The World's first university was established in Takshashila in 700BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century BC was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.
Sanskrit is the mother of all the European languages. Sanskrit is the most suitable language for computer software - a report in Forbes magazine, July 1987.
Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans. Charaka, the father of medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. Today Ayurveda is fast regaining its rightful place in our civilization.
Although modern images of India often show poverty and lack of development, India was the richest country on earth until the time of British invasion in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus was attracted by India's wealth.
The art of Navigation was bornin the river Sindhu 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH. The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit 'Nou'.
Bhaskaracharya calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: (5th century) 365.258756484 days.
The value of pi was first calculated by Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century long before the European mathematicians.
Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India. Quadratic equations were by Sridharacharya in the 11th century. The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10**53(10 to the power of 53) with specific names as early as 5000 BCE during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Tera 10**12(10 to the power of 12).
IEEE has proved what has been a century old suspicion in the world scientific community that the pioneer of wireless communication was Prof. Jagdish Bose and not Marconi.
The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra.
According to Saka King Rudradaman I of 150 CE a beautiful lake called Sudarshana was constructed on the hills of Raivataka during Chandragupta Maurya's time.
Chess (Shataranja or AshtaPada) was invented in India.
Sushruta is the father of surgery. 2600 years ago he and health scientists of his time conducted complicated surgeries like cesareans, cataract, artificial limbs, fractures, urinary stones and even plastic surgery and brain surgery. Usage of anesthesia was well known in ancient India. Over 125 surgical equipment were used. Deep knowledge of anatomy, physiology, etiology, embryology, digestion, metabolism, genetics and immunity is also found in many texts.
When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization).
The four religions born in India, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, are followed by 25% of the world's population.
The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC.
India is one of the few countries in the World, which gained independence without violence.
India has the second largest pool of Scientists and Engineers in the World.
India is the largest English speaking nation in the world.
India is the only country other than US and Japan, to have built a super computer indigenously.
Famous Quotes on India (by non-Indians)
Albert Einstein said: We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made.
Mark Twain said: India is, the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grand mother of tradition. Our most valuable and most instructive materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only.
French scholar Romain Rolland said: If there is one place on the face of earth where all the dreams of living men have found a home from the very earliest days when man began the dream of existence, it is India.
Hu Shih, former Ambassador of China to USA said: India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without ever having to send a single soldier across her border.
Tuesday, January 25, 2011
Saturday, January 22, 2011
INDIA GUIDE » GEOGRAPHY
Location North India South India Size Topography Climate As the largest democracy in the world, the Indian nation thrives with incredible diversity -geographical, physical and cultural. |
Friday, February 19, 2010
Vedas
Hinduism in India traces its source to the Vedas, ancient hymns composed and recited in Punjab as early as 1500 B.C. Three main collections of the Vedas--the Rig, Sama, and Yajur--consist of chants that were originally recited by priests while offering plant and animal sacrifices in sacred fires. A fourth collection, the Atharva Veda, contains a number of formulas for requirements as varied as medical cures and love magic. The majority of modern Hindus revere these hymns as sacred sounds passed down to humanity from the greatest antiquity and as the source of Hindu tradition.
The vast majority of Vedic hymns are addressed to a pantheon of deities who are attracted, generated, and nourished by the offerings into the sacred flames and the precisely chanted mantras (mystical formulas of invocation) based on the hymns. Each of these deities may appear to be the supreme god in his or her own hymns, but some gods stand out as most significant. Indra, god of the firmament and lord of the weather, is the supreme deity of the Vedas. Indra also is a god of war who, accompanied by a host of storm gods, uses thunderbolts as weapons to slay the serpent demon Vritra (the name means storm cloud), thus releasing the rains for the earth. Agni, the god of fire, accepts the sacrificial offerings and transmits them to all the gods. Varuna passes judgment, lays down the law, and protects the cosmic order. Yama, the god of death, sends earthly dwellers signs of old age, sickness, and approaching mortality as exhortations to lead a moral life. Surya is the sun god, Chandra the moon god, Vayu the wind god, and Usha the dawn goddess.
Vedas :
Some of the later hymns of the Rig Veda contain speculations that form the basis for much of Indian religious and philosophical thought. From one perspective, the universe originates through the evolution of an impersonal force manifested as male and female principles. Other hymns describe a personal creator, Prajapati, the Lord of creatures, from whom came the heavens and the earth and all the other gods. One hymn describes the universe as emerging from the sacrifice of a cosmic man (purusha ) who was the source of all things but who was in turn offered into the fire by gods. Within the Vedic accounts of the origin of things, there is a tension between visions of the highest reality as an impersonal force, or as a creator god, or as a group of gods with different jobs to do in the universe. Much of Hinduism tends to accept all these visions simultaneously, claiming that they are all valid as different facets of a single truth, or ranks them as explanations with different levels of sophistication. It is possible, however, to follow only one of these explanations, such as believing in a single personal god while rejecting all others, and still claim to be following the Vedas. In sum, Hinduism does not exist as a single belief system with one textual explanation of the origin of the universe or the nature of God, and a wide range of philosophies and practices can trace their beginnings somewhere in the hymns of the Vedas.
By the sixth century B.C., the Vedic gods were in decline among the people, and few people care much for Indra, Agni, or Varuna in contemporary India. These gods might appear as background characters in myths and stories about more important deities, such as Shiva or Vishnu; in some Hindu temples, there also are small statues of Vedic deities. Sacrificial fire, which once accompanied major political activities, such as the crowning of kings or the conquest of territory, still forms the heart of household rituals for many Hindus, and some Brahman (see Glossary) families pass down the skill of memorizing the hymns and make a living as professional reciters of the Vedas. One of the main legacies of Brahmanical sacrifice, seen even among traditions that later denied its usefulness, was a concentration on precise ritual actions and a belief in sacred sound as a powerful tool for manifesting the sacred in daily life.
Vedas page
data 1995
The vast majority of Vedic hymns are addressed to a pantheon of deities who are attracted, generated, and nourished by the offerings into the sacred flames and the precisely chanted mantras (mystical formulas of invocation) based on the hymns. Each of these deities may appear to be the supreme god in his or her own hymns, but some gods stand out as most significant. Indra, god of the firmament and lord of the weather, is the supreme deity of the Vedas. Indra also is a god of war who, accompanied by a host of storm gods, uses thunderbolts as weapons to slay the serpent demon Vritra (the name means storm cloud), thus releasing the rains for the earth. Agni, the god of fire, accepts the sacrificial offerings and transmits them to all the gods. Varuna passes judgment, lays down the law, and protects the cosmic order. Yama, the god of death, sends earthly dwellers signs of old age, sickness, and approaching mortality as exhortations to lead a moral life. Surya is the sun god, Chandra the moon god, Vayu the wind god, and Usha the dawn goddess.
Vedas :
Some of the later hymns of the Rig Veda contain speculations that form the basis for much of Indian religious and philosophical thought. From one perspective, the universe originates through the evolution of an impersonal force manifested as male and female principles. Other hymns describe a personal creator, Prajapati, the Lord of creatures, from whom came the heavens and the earth and all the other gods. One hymn describes the universe as emerging from the sacrifice of a cosmic man (purusha ) who was the source of all things but who was in turn offered into the fire by gods. Within the Vedic accounts of the origin of things, there is a tension between visions of the highest reality as an impersonal force, or as a creator god, or as a group of gods with different jobs to do in the universe. Much of Hinduism tends to accept all these visions simultaneously, claiming that they are all valid as different facets of a single truth, or ranks them as explanations with different levels of sophistication. It is possible, however, to follow only one of these explanations, such as believing in a single personal god while rejecting all others, and still claim to be following the Vedas. In sum, Hinduism does not exist as a single belief system with one textual explanation of the origin of the universe or the nature of God, and a wide range of philosophies and practices can trace their beginnings somewhere in the hymns of the Vedas.
By the sixth century B.C., the Vedic gods were in decline among the people, and few people care much for Indra, Agni, or Varuna in contemporary India. These gods might appear as background characters in myths and stories about more important deities, such as Shiva or Vishnu; in some Hindu temples, there also are small statues of Vedic deities. Sacrificial fire, which once accompanied major political activities, such as the crowning of kings or the conquest of territory, still forms the heart of household rituals for many Hindus, and some Brahman (see Glossary) families pass down the skill of memorizing the hymns and make a living as professional reciters of the Vedas. One of the main legacies of Brahmanical sacrifice, seen even among traditions that later denied its usefulness, was a concentration on precise ritual actions and a belief in sacred sound as a powerful tool for manifesting the sacred in daily life.
Vedas page
data 1995
coin appraisal and coin worth
HomeCoinsContact UsDisclaimer.9
Sep
Coin Appraisal and Coin Worth
Posted by Sagar in Coin Collection | Comments Off
One of the most common question when anyone finds a coin which looks rare and old is ‘how much is its worth? Or how much is this coin collection worth?’
Sounds like a very simple question, but in reality it isn’t. A coin value depends on demand from the public, supply from the dealers, from which mint was issued etc.
The date is the easiest to gauge as it is usually mentioned on the obverse (heads side) of the coin. A casual look at a coin from India or any country for that matter will tell you in which year the coin was minted in. There are certain coins which end up being real popular and become collector items. The only way you will be a 100% sure that you are getting value for your coin, is to have it appraised by a professional.
The value of most coins depends on various factors such as age, condition, metal content, rarity, country, personal preference, and market value. Every coin must be in very good condition for it to have some market value. Coins containing gold and silver will definitely have greater market value over coins containing copper, nickel and zinc. However a very rare copper coin can be worth more than even a gold or silver coin.
The rarity of a coin is the singular most important trait for any coin collector. If there is a mistake on a coin, it becomes very valuable once it gets circulated and becomes a limited copy. World coins are a lot of fun to collect. US coins are pretty common but owning a 1 naya paisa coin from India is rare indeed. Just like clothes couture, coins go in and out of fashion depending on their demand and supply. It takes an expert to judge the coin appraisal and worth in a volatile market.
Grading is another important factor to be kept in mind and is a technical study. With most of us saying a coin looks ‘pretty good’, the correct terms are – Poor, Fair, Good, Very Good, Fine, Very Fine, Extremely Fine, Almost Uncirculated, Uncirculated, Mint State.
So the next time you are out to fetch a coin use this information to know the worth and how to appraise the coin.
Sep
Coin Appraisal and Coin Worth
Posted by Sagar in Coin Collection | Comments Off
One of the most common question when anyone finds a coin which looks rare and old is ‘how much is its worth? Or how much is this coin collection worth?’
Sounds like a very simple question, but in reality it isn’t. A coin value depends on demand from the public, supply from the dealers, from which mint was issued etc.
The date is the easiest to gauge as it is usually mentioned on the obverse (heads side) of the coin. A casual look at a coin from India or any country for that matter will tell you in which year the coin was minted in. There are certain coins which end up being real popular and become collector items. The only way you will be a 100% sure that you are getting value for your coin, is to have it appraised by a professional.
The value of most coins depends on various factors such as age, condition, metal content, rarity, country, personal preference, and market value. Every coin must be in very good condition for it to have some market value. Coins containing gold and silver will definitely have greater market value over coins containing copper, nickel and zinc. However a very rare copper coin can be worth more than even a gold or silver coin.
The rarity of a coin is the singular most important trait for any coin collector. If there is a mistake on a coin, it becomes very valuable once it gets circulated and becomes a limited copy. World coins are a lot of fun to collect. US coins are pretty common but owning a 1 naya paisa coin from India is rare indeed. Just like clothes couture, coins go in and out of fashion depending on their demand and supply. It takes an expert to judge the coin appraisal and worth in a volatile market.
Grading is another important factor to be kept in mind and is a technical study. With most of us saying a coin looks ‘pretty good’, the correct terms are – Poor, Fair, Good, Very Good, Fine, Very Fine, Extremely Fine, Almost Uncirculated, Uncirculated, Mint State.
So the next time you are out to fetch a coin use this information to know the worth and how to appraise the coin.
old coin value
Curious about the value of that 3rd century coin of India that you own? And you’re a first time coin collector too? Then firstly it’s important for you to understand coins and their history. As the value of the coin market is ever changing, it’s important to keep a track of these events. Old books can give you a good idea about how valuable your coin is. Many dealers opine that coins found in change are not usually in great demand by collectors, so they are unlikely to be valuable.
It is a necessity to know an old coin value. Is it worth anything or not. However finding out a coins face value is not a difficult task. There are many factors and reasons behind determining the price and value of an old coin. If you have come across an old coin, you should look up a coin price catalogue to gauge its current value. But even before finding out the value of the old coin it is important to grade it first, using the grading guide available in the market and on the net.
Many collectors and dealers have come across coins from time to time wondering if they hold something valuable in their hands. Scarcity or rarity of the edition of that coin is a great determinant to the value of the coin. The rarer an old coin, the more it will be worth. The demand for a particular old coin by dealers or how many collectors want it, will also greatly influence coin values.
If the coin is in a good condition with clear markings on it, higher will be its assigned grade and the more it will be worth. It is also important to note that just because a coin does not have a significant monetary value today does not mean it isn’t interesting or that it might not have monetary value in the future. It could be an essential part of your collection. So hold on to it.
It is a necessity to know an old coin value. Is it worth anything or not. However finding out a coins face value is not a difficult task. There are many factors and reasons behind determining the price and value of an old coin. If you have come across an old coin, you should look up a coin price catalogue to gauge its current value. But even before finding out the value of the old coin it is important to grade it first, using the grading guide available in the market and on the net.
Many collectors and dealers have come across coins from time to time wondering if they hold something valuable in their hands. Scarcity or rarity of the edition of that coin is a great determinant to the value of the coin. The rarer an old coin, the more it will be worth. The demand for a particular old coin by dealers or how many collectors want it, will also greatly influence coin values.
If the coin is in a good condition with clear markings on it, higher will be its assigned grade and the more it will be worth. It is also important to note that just because a coin does not have a significant monetary value today does not mean it isn’t interesting or that it might not have monetary value in the future. It could be an essential part of your collection. So hold on to it.
old coin value
Curious about the value of that 3rd century coin of India that you own? And you’re a first time coin collector too? Then firstly it’s important for you to understand coins and their history. As the value of the coin market is ever changing, it’s important to keep a track of these events. Old books can give you a good idea about how valuable your coin is. Many dealers opine that coins found in change are not usually in great demand by collectors, so they are unlikely to be valuable.
It is a necessity to know an old coin value. Is it worth anything or not. However finding out a coins face value is not a difficult task. There are many factors and reasons behind determining the price and value of an old coin. If you have come across an old coin, you should look up a coin price catalogue to gauge its current value. But even before finding out the value of the old coin it is important to grade it first, using the grading guide available in the market and on the net.
Many collectors and dealers have come across coins from time to time wondering if they hold something valuable in their hands. Scarcity or rarity of the edition of that coin is a great determinant to the value of the coin. The rarer an old coin, the more it will be worth. The demand for a particular old coin by dealers or how many collectors want it, will also greatly influence coin values.
If the coin is in a good condition with clear markings on it, higher will be its assigned grade and the more it will be worth. It is also important to note that just because a coin does not have a significant monetary value today does not mean it isn’t interesting or that it might not have monetary value in the future. It could be an essential part of your collection. So hold on to it.
It is a necessity to know an old coin value. Is it worth anything or not. However finding out a coins face value is not a difficult task. There are many factors and reasons behind determining the price and value of an old coin. If you have come across an old coin, you should look up a coin price catalogue to gauge its current value. But even before finding out the value of the old coin it is important to grade it first, using the grading guide available in the market and on the net.
Many collectors and dealers have come across coins from time to time wondering if they hold something valuable in their hands. Scarcity or rarity of the edition of that coin is a great determinant to the value of the coin. The rarer an old coin, the more it will be worth. The demand for a particular old coin by dealers or how many collectors want it, will also greatly influence coin values.
If the coin is in a good condition with clear markings on it, higher will be its assigned grade and the more it will be worth. It is also important to note that just because a coin does not have a significant monetary value today does not mean it isn’t interesting or that it might not have monetary value in the future. It could be an essential part of your collection. So hold on to it.
coin price guide
A price guide is a reference book that contains information and substantial details about the prices of coins. For example, coins, stamps, artefacts, sports cards, or other collectibles items. In a coin price guide things that will be featured are information, mintages, specifications, grading details, where they were struck, etc. There are some which have accurate approximations of coin prices, while some have goals of helping dealers sell their coins at attractive rates. The price of a coin is very crucial information. For e.g. a coin collector from India would like to buy a coin, or sell a coin, or maybe just browse and appreciate coins in general, hence its important for the information to be as accurate as possible.
Information on the prices of coins are freely available both on the internet and in books which are available in the market. There are some guide books which are much more reliable than others. However no single guidebook is accurate in its matter as they are just approximations of the market value and price of the coins. Your best online option would include, e-Bay and other online auction sites like Heritage, Teletrade, Stacks, and Classical Numismatic Group (for ancient coins). Another good source would be local coin shops or a well stocked book shop.
A very good example of a coin guide price book is ‘A Guide Book of United States Coins,’ by Richard (R. S.) Yeoman. A strong contender on the internet would be The PCGS Price Guide. The PCGS Price Guide provides up-to-date retail prices for all your coins and also follows a 1-70 grading system for coins, where 70 represents a perfect specimen and 1 represents a coin barely identifiable to its type. However they do not guarantee a profit or loss for any coin. Buying and selling of coins is done at your own risk.
A coin price guide is compiled from various sources including dealer ads in trade papers, dealer fixed price lists, significant auctions, and activities at major coin shows. Other popular sites include, ICG (Independent Coin Grading), Coin Club has directories of dealers, clubs, and links; a reference library, books, software, prices, upcoming events, message/chat, and more. ICG (Independent Coin Grading) Numismatic is a springboard to many other sites- articles, stories, FAQs, reviews, references, trivia, tips, and more
Information on the prices of coins are freely available both on the internet and in books which are available in the market. There are some guide books which are much more reliable than others. However no single guidebook is accurate in its matter as they are just approximations of the market value and price of the coins. Your best online option would include, e-Bay and other online auction sites like Heritage, Teletrade, Stacks, and Classical Numismatic Group (for ancient coins). Another good source would be local coin shops or a well stocked book shop.
A very good example of a coin guide price book is ‘A Guide Book of United States Coins,’ by Richard (R. S.) Yeoman. A strong contender on the internet would be The PCGS Price Guide. The PCGS Price Guide provides up-to-date retail prices for all your coins and also follows a 1-70 grading system for coins, where 70 represents a perfect specimen and 1 represents a coin barely identifiable to its type. However they do not guarantee a profit or loss for any coin. Buying and selling of coins is done at your own risk.
A coin price guide is compiled from various sources including dealer ads in trade papers, dealer fixed price lists, significant auctions, and activities at major coin shows. Other popular sites include, ICG (Independent Coin Grading), Coin Club has directories of dealers, clubs, and links; a reference library, books, software, prices, upcoming events, message/chat, and more. ICG (Independent Coin Grading) Numismatic is a springboard to many other sites- articles, stories, FAQs, reviews, references, trivia, tips, and more
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